آسیب ‏شناسی کاربرد تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی در پژوهش ‏های گردشگری و میهمان‏ نوازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کاندیدای دکتری، سنجش و اندازه گیری (روان‌سنجی)، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

2 کاندیدای دکتری، گردشگری، گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

10.22080/tmhr.2023.25991.1000

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی (EFA)، به یکی از پرکاربردترین روش‌های آماری چندمتغیره در پژوهش های کاربردی در بسیاری از حوزه‌ها از جمله گردشگری و میهمان نوازی تبدیل ‌شده است. هدف مطالعه حاضر، شناسایی دلایل کاربست EFA، خطاهای رایج و به طور کلی آسیب شناسی استفاده از این روش در مطالعات گردشگری و میهمان نوازی می باشد.
روش شناسی: روش پژوهش حاضر بر مبنای هدف، اکتشافی-توصیفی بوده است. حجم نمونه، 66 مقاله منتشر شده از 7 نشریه علمی گردشگری بودند. بررسی مقالات از طریق تحلیل توصیفی (فراوانی و درصد) با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS26 و Excel انجام پذیرفت.
یافته‌ها: بررسی ها نشان داد، در حدود 4% از پژوهش های منتشر شده در نشریات گردشگری از EFA استفاده می کنند و بیشترین گرایش تخصصی پژوهشگران جغرافیا است. از میان مراحل 5گانه ی انجام EFA، به ترتیب بیشتر به کمتر، مراحل حفظ عامل، استخراج عامل، چرخش عامل، غربالگری و کیفیت داده ها، و تفسیر-نامگذاری، گزارش نشده، نادیده گرفته شده و یا انجام نمی شوند.
نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات: علیرغم سهولت انجام EFA به دلیل وجود نرم‌افزارهای مختلف، مراحل و مفروضات اساسی EFA، به طور منظم و دقیق در پژوهش های گردشگری و میهمان نوازی گزارش نمی شود یا نادیده گرفته می شود که قطع به یقین می تواند تضمین اعتبار پژوهش های گردشگری را زیر سوال ببرد.
نوآوری و اصالت: ضمن اینکه پژوهش برای اولین بار در حوزه ی پژوهش های گردشگری انجام شده است، بر اساس یافته ها و نتایج، یک جعبه ی ابزار با عنوان "فهرست نظارت" در سه فاز پیش‌تحلیل، تحلیل و پساتحلیل برای اطمینان از انجام و گزارش مراحل EFA برای پژوهشگران و ارزیابان پژوهش ها، طراحی و پیشنهاد گردید.

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