اکبری، منا و تاج زاده نمین، ابوالفضل. (1393). انگیزهها و محدودیتهای گردشگران در سفر به شهر شیراز. مطالعات اجتماعی گردشگری، 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1393)، 68-51. https://doi.org/139508241225273942
رسولزاده اقدم، صمد، میر محمدتبار، سید احمد، عدلیپور، صمد، و زینیوند، یوسف. (1395). فرصتها و محدودیتهای صنعت گردشگری در ایران. مطالعات جامعهشناسی، 8(30)، 80-63.
شیرمحمدی، یزدان، دلشاد، علی، و زرین کفش مجد، سارا. (۱۴۰۲). بررسی سازوکار اثرگذاری محدودیتهای سفر و مدیریت بحران درکشده بر قصد سفر پس از بحران کووید-۱۹ (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر یزد). برنامهریزی و توسعۀ گردشگری، ۴۴(ب)، 31-11. https://doi. rg/10.22080/jtpd.2023.23549.3696
غفاری، محمد، حاتمی ورزنه، ابوالفضل، و اسدی کاتب، محبوبه. (۱۴۰۱). فراترکیب عوامل کششی و رانشی در توسعۀ گردشگری مذهبی. پژوهشهای ادیانی، ۱۰(۱۹)، ۲۶۲-۲۹۱. https://doi. rg/10.22034/jrr.2021.266864.1820
Angskun, T., & Angskun, J. (2009). A travel planning optimization under energy and time constraints. In 2009 International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology (pp. 131-134). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMT.2009.86
Chen, H. J., Chen, P. J., & Okumus, F. (2013). The relationship between travel constraints and destination image: A case study of Brunei. Tourism management, 35, 198-208. https://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pf?u=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.tourman.2012.07.004;h=repec:eee:touman:v:35:y:2013:i:c:p:198-208
Chen, P. J., Hua, N., & Wang, Y. (2013). Mediating perceived travel constraints: The role of destination image. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(3), 201-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.774914
Cheng, M., Wong, A. I., & Prideaux, B. (2017). Political travel constraint: The role of Chinese popular nationalism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(3), 383-397. http://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1182456
Chua, C. M. S., Ko, S. Q., Lai, Y. F., Lim, Y. W., & Shorey, S. (2022). Perceptions of hospital-at-home among stakeholders: a meta-synthesis. Journal of general internal medicine, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07065-0
Dale, N. F., & Ritchie, B. W. (2020). Understanding travel behavior: A study of school excursion motivations, constraints and behavior. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.01.008
Dragin, A. S., Mijatov, M. B., Majstorović, N., Janičić, B., & Korovljev, D. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and young tourists’ travel risk perceptions: Impacts on travel constranits (local and international) and tourism. In COVID-19 and a world of ad hoc geographies (pp. 1755–1775). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94350-9_94
Gardiner, S., King, B., & Wilkins, H. (2013). The travel behaviours of international students: Nationality-based constraints and opportunities. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19(4), 287-299. http://dx.doi 10.1177/1356766712471233
Hung, K., & Petrick, J. F. (2012). Testing the effects of congruity, travel constraints, and self-efficacy on travel intentions: An alternative decision-making model. Tourism management, 33(4), 855-867. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.09.007
Karl, M., Bauer, A., Ritchie, W. B., & Passauer, M. (2020). The impact of travel constraints on travel decision-making: A comparative approach of travel frequencies and intended travel participation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 18, 100471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100471
Kattiyapornpong, U., & Miller, K. E. (2009). Socio‐demographic constraints to travel behavior. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(1), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506180910940360
Kazeminia, A., Del Chiappa, G., & Jafari, J. (2015). Seniors’ travel constraints and their coping strategies. Journal of travel research, 54(1), 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513506290
Khan, M. J., Chelliah, S., Haron, M. S., & Ahmed, S. (2017). Role of travel motivations, perceived risks and travel constraints on destination image and visit intention in medical tourism: Theoretical model. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 17(1), e11. https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2016.17.01.003
Khan, M. J., Chelliah, S., Khan, F., & Amin, S. (2019). Perceived risks, travel constraints and visit intention of young women travelers: the moderating role of travel motivation. Tourism Review, 74(3), 721-738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/TR-08-2018-0116
Kim, S. E., Kim, H., & Yang, S. B. (2021). Why not this destination? The effects of travel constraints of independent travelers on destination image formation. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(6), 1073-1085. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2463
Kord, A., Karoubi, M., Ghaderi, E., & Gohar, F. Y. (2024). Identifying the Categories of Tourism Development for the Elderly, A Meta-synthesis Approach. Quarterly Journal of Social Development and Welfare Planning, 14(57), 171-214. 10.22054/qjsd.2023.69449.2389
Lee, B. K., Agarwal, S., & Kim, H. J. (2012). Influences of travel constraints on the people with disabilities’ intention to travel: An application of Seligman’s helplessness theory. Tourism Management, 33(3), 569-579. 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.06.011
Li, X., Li, J., Liu, H., Mínguez-Alarcón, L., van Loosdrecht, M. C., & Wang, Q. (2025). Lifting of travel restrictions brings additional noise in COVID-19 surveillance through wastewater-based epidemiology in post-pandemic period. Water Research, 274, 123114.
Lin, P. M., Qiu Zhang, H., Gu, Q., & Peng, K. L. (2017). To go or not to go: Travel constraints and attractiveness of travel affecting outbound Chinese tourists to Japan. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(9), 1184-1197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1327392
Linka, K., Peirlinck, M., Costabal, F. S., & Kuhl, E. (2020). Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in Europe and the effect of travel constranits. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(8), taaa180. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa180
Moal, G. M. (2021). The travel constraints faced by retired travelers in the 21st. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 38(1), 69-77. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JCM-02-2020-3665/full/html
Nyaupane, G. P., & Andereck, K. L. (2008). Understanding travel constraints: Application and extension of a leisure constraints model. Journal of travel research, 46(4), 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507308325
Pearce, P. L. (2011). Travel motivation, benefits and constraints to destinations. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845937621.0039
Popp, M., Schmude, J., Passauer, M., Karl, M., & Bauer, A. (2024). Why don’t they travel? The role of constraints and motivation for non-participation in tourism. Leisure Sciences, 46(3), 211-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2021.1922959
Schermerhorn, J., Case, A., Graeden, E., Kerr, J., Moore, M., Robinson-Marshall, S., ... & Katz, R. (2022). Fifteen days in December: capture and analysis of Omicron-related travel restrictions. BMJ Global Health, 7(3), e008642. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008642
Schiopu, A. F., Hornoiu, R. I., Padurean, A. M., & Nica, A. M. (2022). Constrained and virtually traveling? Exploring the effect of travel constraints on intention to use virtual reality in tourism. Technology in Society, 71, 102091. DOI:10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102091
Surpris, A. C. A., Jungerman, M. R., Preston, L. E., Gertz, A. M., Duong, K. K., Roy, S., ... & Chen, T. H. (2025). Public Health Travel Restrictions Implemented for Persons at Risk of Transmitting SARS-CoV-2 Infection—United States, January 1, 2020-April 6, 2022. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 10-1097. https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/PHH.0000000000002105
Tan, W. K. (2020). Destination selection: Influence of tourists’ personality on perceived travel constraints. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 26(4), 442-456. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766720942556
Uatay, G., Reid, E. L., & Lee, H. Y. (2019). The Impact of Female Travelers' Travel Constraints on Attitude toward Solo Travel and Travel Intention. Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 25(9), 102-110. DOI : 10.20878/cshr.2019.25.9.013
von Tigerstrom, B., & Wilson, K. (2020). COVID-19 travel constranits and the International Health Regulations (2005). Computational Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 23(11), 710-717. https://doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2020.1759560
Wang, F., Deng, Z., & Petrick, J. F. (2018). Exploring the formation mechanisms of urban residents’ travel behaviour in China: Perceptions of travel benefits and travel constraints. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(7), 909-921. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1445575
Xiong, Q., Zhang, Q., Yang, Y., & Li, Z. (2021). Perceived barriers faced by Chinese adult children in social support of their elderly parents' outbound travels. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 100827. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-12-2021-0894
Yang, R., & Tung, V. W. S. (2018). How does family influence the travel constraints of solo travelers? Construct specification and scale development. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 507-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1363685