The Requirements and Components of the Realization of the Emerging Trend of Slow Tourism as a Sustainable Alternative to Tourism

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor of Geography, Seyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi University, Asadabad, Iran

10.22080/tmhr.2024.27076.1013

Abstract

Context and Purpose: Slow tourism is the latest effort presented in the sustainable development framework to address the hurried lifestyle based on modernism. It emphasizes localism, relaxation, local interactions, conscious choice of travel destination, and assistance to tourism destinations. The current research purpose is to synthesize the results of the studies on the feasibility of slow tourism.
Design/methodology/approach: The current research is based on a qualitative approach and is a developmental study in terms of the goal. In this research, a systematic review of 24 studies in the period from 2009 to 2023 was done using meta-synthesis method. The statistical community consisted of books, articles, theses, and scientific documents related to slow tourism. The research sources were selected by available sampling method.
Findings: Based on the findings of the meta-synthesis, 157 open codes were obtained regarding the feasibility of slow tourism, which were divided into seven optional codes and 28 core codes (environmental policies, infrastructure policies, urban quality technologies and facilities, policies of agriculture, tourism and handicrafts, policies of hospitality, education and awareness, social cohesion policies, motivation, locality, social welfare, experience-based approach temporal, cyclical, linear; transportation, leisure, food, restaurant, mechanisms; environmental, economic, social, ethical, and micro levels).
Conclusion: The slow tourism feasibility model requires seven key categories, including requirements, key components, dimensions, facilitating factors, supporting activities, interfering factors, and micro and macro consequences. The development of slow tourism proposals consists of abandoning fast forms of transportation, providing the principles of low-carbon travel, and adjusting transportation infrastructure development plans to promote green mobility.
Originality/value: The present research, by synthesizing the results of previous studies, can present the model of the realization of slow tourism and provide the basis for its application in the target places of slow tourism.

Keywords


Bujdoso, Z., Gyurko, A., & Benko, B. (2019). Tourism Development in Hungary on the Example of the Northern Hungary Region. Folia Geographica, 61(2), 86-103.
Caffyn, A. (2009). The Slow Route to New Market. Retrieved 26 February 2014 from website http://www.alisoncaffyn.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=14&I temid=32.
Calzati, V., & de Salvo, P. (2017). Slow tourism: A theoretical framework. In Slow Tourism, Food and Cities: Pace and the search for the “Good Life”, 1st ed.; Clancy, M., Ed.; Routledge: London, UK, pp. 33–48.
Cittaslow International Charter .(2009). Retrieved December 15, 2009, from http://www.cittaslow.stratos.it/.
Conway, D., & Timms, B. F. (2010). Re-Branding Alternative Tourism in the Caribbean: The Case for ‘Slow Tourism’. Tourism & Hospitality Research, 18(4), 329-344.
Dickinson, J., & Lumsdon, L. (2010). Slow Travel and Tourism. Earthscan, London, Washington, DC.
Ernszt, I., & Marton, Z .(2021). An Emerging Trend of Slow Tourism: Perceptions of Hungarian Citizens. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 19(2),295-307.
Esichaikul, R., & Songsonthonwong, C. (2012). Slow Tourism : Learning Through Interpretation for European Senior Tourists. Journal of Thai Hospitality & Tourism, 7(1), 41-57.
Ilieș, D.C., Hodor, N., Indrie, L., Dejeu, P., Ilieș, A., Albu, A., Caciora, T., Ilieș, M., Barbu-Tudoran, L., & Grama, V. (2021). Investigations of the Surface of Heritage Objects and Green Bioremediation: Case Study of Artefacts from Maramureş, Romania. Appl. Sci., 11, 6643. Investigations of the Surface of Heritage Objects and Green Bioremediation: Case Study of Artefacts from Maramureş, Romania
Jiang, G., Gao, W., Xu, M., Tong, M., & Liu, Z. (2023). Geographic Information Visualization and Sustainable Development of Low-Carbon Rural Slow Tourism under Artificial Intelligence. Sustainability, 15(2023), 3846.
Jitendra, S., Siddharth, K., & Vishvanath, S .(2023). Exploring the Dimensions of Slow Tourism. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 29(2), 1-8.   
Kebete, Y .(2021). Promoting slow tourism to wrestle the challenges of shorter length of tourist stay: Implications for sustainable tourism. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 39(4), 1388-1396.
Klarin, A., Park, E., Xiao, Q., & Kim, S .(2023). Time to transform the way we travel?: A conceptual framework for slow tourism and travel research. Tourism Management Perspectives, 46(2023), 101100.
Kostilnikova, K., Matlovicova, K., Demkova, M., Mocak, P., Mishra, P.K., Bujdoso, Z., Matlovic, R., & Zawilinska, B. (2022). Slow travel in tourism - an outline of conceptual frameworks: Potential and limits in the  context of post-pandemic recovery. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 42(2spl), 751–758.
Losada, N., & Mota, G. (2019). Slow down, your movie is too fast: Slow tourism representations in the promotional videos of the Douro region (Northern Portugal). Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 11(2019), 140-149.
Lumsdon, L. M., & McGrath, P. (2011). Developing a Conceptual Framework for Slow Travel : A Grounded Theory Approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(3), 265-279.
Manthiou, A., Klaus, P., Luong,V. H. (2022). Slow tourism: Conceptualization and interpretation – A travel vloggers’ perspective. Tourism Management, 93(2022), 104570.
Meng, B., & Choi, K. (2016). The role of authenticity in forming slow tourists’ intentions: Developing an extended model of goal-directed behavior. Tourism Management, 57(2016), 397-410.
Oh, H., Assaf, A. G., & Baloglu, S .(2016). Motivations and Goals of Slow Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 55(2) 205–219.
Ozturk, S .(2012). Small Towns Reshaping Their Urban Planning Policies Joining in the Cittaslow International Network: The Case of Seferihisar  in Turkey. A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University.
Park, H.J., & Lee, T.J. (2019). Influence of the ‘slow city’ brand association on the behavioural intention of potential tourists. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(2019), 1405–1422
Pecsek, B .(2018). Slow Tourism as the Sustainable Alternative for Developing Urban Tourism Destinations. Theses, Godollo, Hungary.
Presenza, A., Abbate, T., & Perano, M .(2015). The Cittaslow certification and its Effects on sustainable tourism governance,  SSRN Electronic Journal, 5 (1), 40-64.
Serdane, Z. (2017). Slow Tourism in Slow Countries – The Case of Latvia. PhD. Theses, Salford Business School, Salford University.
Shang, W., Yuan, Q.,  & Chen, N .(2022). Examining Structural Relationships among Brand Experience, Existential Authenticity, and Place Attachment in Slow Tourism Destinations. Sustainability, 12(2020), 2784.
Sharma, G.D., Thomas, A., & Paul, J. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-COVID-19: A resilience-based framework. Tour Manag Perspect, Epub 2020 Dec 29. PMID: 33391988; PMCID: PMC7771910.
Siess, A .(2022). Slow and well-being tourism: The motivations and implications for their development in Switzerland. Bachelor Thesis, School of Management & Tourism.
Sonia, K. (2015). How slow is ‘slow’. Dilemmas of slow tourism. TEAM Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 12(1), 2015 [online]. [cit. 29.11.2021].
Sousa, B., Santos, R., &  Lubowiecki-Vikuk, A .(2021). Slow Tourism as a Tourism Alternative to Sustainable Development. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 5(53):1404-1409.
Valls, J.F., Mota, L., Freitas Vieira S. C. & Santos, R. (2019). Opportunities for Slow Tourism in Madeira. Sustainability Journal, 11(17), 1-23.
Wearing, S., Wearing, M., &  McDonald, M. (2012). Slow’n Down the Town to Let Nature Grow: Ecotourism, Social Justice and Sustainability. In: Fullagar, S.; Markwell, K.W. and Wilson, E., eds.: Slow Tourism: Experiences and Mobilities. Channel View Publications, Bristol, pp.36-49.
Yongtanavanich, T .(2014). Slow Tourism in Japan: An Exploration of Definitions. Thesis Master, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University.
Zago, M. (ed) .(2011). Guidelines for the Slow Tourism. Research report of the cross-border cooperation Italy-Slovenia 2007-13.
Zeiari, K. & Mahdnezhad, H. (2021). New perspectives in urban planning. First edition, Tehran University Press: Tehran. [In Persian]
Zielińska-Szczepkowska, J .(2020). Slow Tourism – The Fashion for Slowness or a Conscious Choice?. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, 20 (2), 468-483.